Reinforcing telephones.



PATENTED APR. 16,V '1907.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 15, 1906.

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No. 850,484. I PATENTB APR. 16, 1907. o. NEWMAN.

REINFOR'GING TELEPHONES..

APPLIoATIoN FILED JUNI: 15. 1906,.

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'. to overcome thefabovadefectit has'been UNITED 'srArEs "PATENT oEEroE.

creanme-NEWMAN, or ELIZABETH, NEW JERsEY.

REINFORCING TELEPHONES.

Specification efpetters Patent.

Patented April 16, 1907.

Application filed `June 15,1906.' Serial Nol 321.881.

. andexact description.

My invention relates to telephony, arid perf tains particularly to the provision of a translnitter for long-distance work or for purposes where a loud-speaking telephone is'v neces'-.

sary. More particularly stated, the invention relates to a telephonie relay which is capable of increasing the amplitude ofthe electrical impulses produced by an ordinary 'transmittel'.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a device of this class which shall be capableofproducing electric vibrations of" which the great intensity and power, but in sound purity is preserved. A further object of the invention is toprovide a simple and convenient mechanical construction for lcarrying out the foregoing purpose.. l

With these and other" objectsin view the invention 'consists in the construction, combination, in the location, and in the arrangement of parts, as hereinafter set forth and shown, and finally particularly vpointed out in the appended claims. vIn the drawings, Figure 1 is a 'sectional view of a telephonie relay lembodyingl the principles of my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectiononl the line X X of Fig. 1 looking upward. Fig. -3 isa sectional view on a plane at right angles to that of Fig. l, showing a slightly-modifiedconstruction. Fig. 4 is a section on the line X X of Fig. 1 looking downward. The ordinary telephone-transmitter making use of'a carbon iaphragm and the usual body of ranular carbon. in contact therewith is eectlve in making a continuous current flowing through the transmitter pulsating in character according to the vibrations -of the voice, but the pulsations are not intense, andfor the purpose of long-distance telephony and loud earpiecesthey Vare not sufficiently In order customary to-use inductionfcoils or transformers, so as to sten-iup the' voltage of the voice-currents; but it is evident that this does not increase the act-ual energy of the transmission, but probably somewhat reduces it.

The only way to supply additional energy is by means of a separate source of energy, and in the practice ofmy invention l supply additional energy in two ways: lirst, by `an eX- tra or local battery in the secondary or relay `circuit, and, secondly, by a mechanically-rotated cylinder, the kinetic energy of which is utilized for thevpurpose of assisting the transmission.. More specifically stated, I employ a vibratory member which is set in motion by the telephonie currents through ^a suitable magnet and which has its vibrations strengthened in one direction and otherwise assisted and controlled by a wax cylinder and stylus similar to those used on phnographs and like machines.

Referring now to the drawings, in which 4like Aparts are designated 'by the same reference-sign wherever they occur, 1 indicates a support which may be stationary or movable. For the purposes ofthis description the support 1 maybe considered a part of the bracket of an ordinary phonograph which carries the .usual diaphragm-and is moved to and fro bya screw connection. TheA features of this support forrn no part of my invention, and l have therefore omitted the details' thereof from the drawings.

2 indicates a box or housing which is adjustably connected to the support 1 and which carries the essential parts of the mechanisrn. The nature vof the adjustable connection is clearly shown in Fig. 3, from which it will be seen that two rods 3 are fixed to and project from the housing 2, being guided loosely in the support 1. 4 denotes an a ddi'l tional rod projecting from the housing 2 and which is threaded at itsupper end, as shown at 5. '6 denotes a nut upon such threaded portion of the rod 4, and 7 is a spiral s ring interposed between -the support 1 ant the housing i2. This connection forms an adjustment for the housing by manipulatingv the nut 6. IThe movement of the nut 6 upon its supporting-stem is effective to permit the spring 7 to move the housing toward an from support.

All of the operative parts within the housing 2 are sup rted from a plate '8, which constitutes a )ase therefor. It will be seen that the rods 3 and 4 are fixed to this base 8,

and in addition theretol. provide the posts Q, 1 1c IOO "Linental collar with respect thereto.

-base and is fastened to the posts 9 vby means .housing 2. For this purpose the vibratory A. the base 8".

such that the adjustable contacts 33 vibrate i.

projecting'perpendicularly from the base and secured thereto by the screws 10. 11 designates lwhat Ishall term a ysupplemental of screws 12. VThe base 8 also serves asga support for the glass casing 13, which is included between `.the collars 14 and 15, which are respectively attached to the two bases 8 and 11. This form of construction givesa simple and eiiicient housing for the contained parts, .all -of which are supported from a single base and which may be .readily opened Jfor inspection or repair.

Within the housing 2 is -contained the vibrating member 16, supported so as to be capable of vertical movement axially of the member is conveniently pivoted at 17 to a horizontal link 18, whichl is conveniently 'U- shaped, as shown. 19 indicates another pivotal connection with. a stationary yoke 20 on I prefer to make both of the pivotal connections 17 and 19 with adjustable cone-bearings, secured by lock-nuts of any ordinary sort. The lowerend of the vibratory member 16 is guided by a diaphragm 21, to which it is conveniently secured by a pair of clamp-nuts 22. The diaphragm 21 may be stretched across the lower collar 15 of the rousing, as indicated in Fig. 3; but I prefer to makethe diaphragnrZ-I in a supplemental collar 23, hinged to'the collar 15 at the point 24.

25 indicates a loop or guide on the collar 15 for limiting the movement of the supple- '26 is a stylus of suitable material fixed to the supplemental collar at the oint 27 and attached to the vibratory memlier 16 at the point 28, With the structure shown in Fig. 3 the stylus 26 is made integral with the vibratorymember 16.

The particular constructionl of the diaphragm I regard as relatively uniniportant., "since the vibratory member may be guided to move in a vertical direction at its lower end in any desired way. However, I prefer the structure shown in Fig.1 as having perhaps a greater range of vibration and. some- 'what greater efficiency in ractical use.

Adjustably fixed upon t e vibratory member 16 is an armature 29, secured between clamp-nuts', 30 upon a threaded part 31 of the vibratory member. This armature has laterally-extending portions 32, (see particularly Figs. 1 and 4,) and upon these lateral .extensions I provide. adjustable contactscrews 33. These contact-screws may be`of any suitable .material at their lower ends,

such as carbon or gra hitc, if desired, and may be arranged to ip slightly into mercnry-cups 34. The mercury-cups are lined' to a strap 35, screwed to the supplemental base 11 at the oinis 36. The relation .is

' by means of the wires Z and Z2.

towardand from the mercury-cups 34 when the vibratory member 16 moves in an axial direction.

I provide an electromagnet in proximity to the armature 29 and which is shown having two bobbins I37 on pole-pieces 3S, which project from a permanentmagnet 39. The permanent magnet 39 is secured to the supplemental base 1 1, so that it is in 'liXed relation therewith and with the mercury-cups 34. The bobbins 37 are connected in the transmitter-circuit of an ordinary telephone T indicates the transmitter, and Bthe battery in this circuit. y

The two mercury-cups 34 are electrically connected with one anotheig'since they are on the same metal base, and the contactscrews 33 form the respective terminals of a repeating-circuit rn/ n2 for a receiver The receiver R may be at a remote oint-as, for example, at the distant enld of a ong-distancetele hone line. .K T ie wax or phonographiccylinderA to which I have previously referred is illustrated at 40 in Fig. 1 and is arranged torotate in contact with thestylus 26 or 26 for the respective structures. Itl will be under stood that the phonographic. cylinder 40 is of the 'ordinary form, except that I prefer to make it quite large, and is driven by a motor or clockwork or in any suitable way.- Inasmuch as the `vconstrr-,ction and operation of the phonographic cylinder of the ordinary form can constitute no part of my present invention, I have omitted these matters from the drawings.

The operation is as follows: A pulsating current being developed in the line-wires Z and l2 by the voice-vibrations spoken into the transmitter T, it is obvious that the bobbins 37 will be energized in accordance with the Vibrations and `will develop vibrations in the Vihratory member 16 by means of the connected armature 29. The vibrations transmitted to the vibrating member 16 are im- -parted thereby to the stylus 26 or 26, and a record is cut in the phonographic cylinder exactly aswould be done if the record were made directly by the voice-vibrations. Now the nature of a phonographic cylinder is such that it exerts only slight resistance to the inward movement of the stylus when a cut or incision is made under the action of a single vibration; but the cylinder nevertheless has the effect of returning the stylus with the power obtained by itsV own rotation?. In other words, a rotating phonographic cylinder has apeculiar resilient action which returns. the stylus after each operation, but which is entirely diflerent from the action of a spring. Thus it will he seen that by my invention the stylus is drawn down by the magnets and is returned by the rotationr of the cylinder, and when the adjustments IOC IIO

' results.

are properly made and the cylinder is rotating at the proper speed it will be found that the movements ofthe stylus are amplified by the cylinder without destroying the purity of the vibration; It is possible that some of the iiner or higher harmonics of the voice are destroyed in this action; but all the mainor fundamental characteristics of the soundwave are retained and amplified. The moe vtions of t'he stylus therefore correspondV to voice-vibrations and are quite considerable 1n magnitude. The magnitude 1s so great that it is possible to employ the form of meri-4 cury contacts 34 shown with very efiicient Since these lie in therepeating or secondary circuit containing a battery B2,

electric waves will be produced which will be transmitted to the distant receiver R.

It will be seen that I provide all necessary and practical adjustments for' obtaining the best and most-satisfactory conditions in use.

The nut 6 may be manipulated to getv the `proper pressure of the stylus upon the phonographic cylinder, and, furthermore, it is possible to adjust the nuts 22 to properly position the diaphragm, the contact-screws 33, and the clamp-nuts 30 to get the best results.

VOther adjustments may be made, if desired,

and I do not, of course, desire to beI limited or restricted to the particular Aadjustments shown or the method of making them.

The form of make-and-break contact herein illustrated is regarded as particularly adapted to the purposes of thiscase, partly on account of the amplitude of the vibration' of the vibratory member and partly by'reason of the nature of the mercury contacts used, which have an action different from hard resilient contacts in the making and4 breaking action; The mercury has a yield# ing action for making the contacts and se`- cures good results veven if metallic screws 33 are used. When carbon or'graphite screws are used, their varying depthof immersion in the mercury provides a varying resistance which improves the purity of the transmitted sound. An additional feature of these mercury-cups lies in the arrangement by which the contact is simultaneously made at a plurality of points. In' this way the spark is divided up and the injurious defects thereof minimized, and, furthermore, the telephonie efiiciency is improved. The battery B2 may of course be located at any desired place in the circuit. Forexample, it may be included between the two mercury-cups 34 in place of a direct metallic connection between the two, if desired. Another obvious modification vmight-be made by omitting one mercury-cup and completing the circuit through'the other alone. i l

What I claim is- 1. In a telephonie relay, a Ivibratory mem- V. ber arranged to .vary the resistance of a re'' peating circuit, means for vibrating said .member.

member, and a continuously-movable cylinder in contact with said member.

2. In a telephonie relay, a vibratory member, a repeating-circuit having a telephonereceiver, means whereby 'the vibrations of said member vary the resistance of said circuit, and` a continuously-rotating phonographic substance in contact with said meme' phonographic substance in Contact with sai member.

ing adjustably connected to said support, av continuously moving phonographic substance in-v roximity to said housing, a vibra. tory vmemlier supported Within said housing `and extending into contact with said phonographic substance, a repeating-circuit, and` means whereby the resistance thereof is .va-

ried by the movements of said member.

j .6. In a telephonie relay, a support,a hou'sing adjustably connected thereto a continu- 5. In a telephonie relay, a support, ahousr9o ously-moving phonographic substance in proximity to said housing, a vibratory mem-i er within the housing, tele 4honic means for vibrating said' member, an a repeating-cir'- cuit arranged to have its resistance varied by the'movements of said member.- s

' 7.- In a telephonic relay, a housing, avibraltory member vaxially disposed therein, linkY connections for supporting said member at i' its upper end, a diaphragm connected lto said' member at its' lower end, and telephonie means for vibratin said member.

8. Ina telephonie relay, a housing, a vibra- 4tory member axially disposed therein, link connections Afor su porting said member at itsupper en d, a iaphragm Vloosely hinged .upon the housing and su porting said member at its.lower end, an telephonic means 1yyithin the housing for vibratingy said mem- 9.. In a telephonic relay, a housin a vibratory member within said housing, 1in connections for sup orting said member at its upper end, a ydiapfiragm loosely hinged upon the housing and supporting said member at its lower end, an armature on said member, tele y` l-phonic means actindg onsaid armature, a repeating-circuit, an means whereby the reslstance of said repeating-circult 1s var1ed,by the movements of sald member. I

izs

10. In a telephonie relay, a housing havingl a base, links swiveled to said base, a vibratory member pivoted to said links and axially disposed Within the housing, a upplemental base supported from said iirstdlamed bese, a diaphragnneonneeted to said `supplemental base, and 'means 'for guiding said Vibratory member by said diaphragm.

11. In a telephonierelay, a housing having a base, a 'vibratory member supported therefrom to have a movement axially within the hrmsing, a supplemental base," n diaphragm Jehereon and guiding said vibratory member, and telephonie means supported on said sub'- plemental base for imparting vibrations to said member.

l 12. In a telephonieuelay, a housing, a vibratory member axially disposed therein, a continuously moving phonographio substance in Contact with said member, telepho'nie means for vibrating said member, contacts supported by said member, and a repeatingcircuit arranged to have its resistance varied by the movements of .said contants. y

In Witness whereof I subscribe my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES NEWIAN.

Witnesses:

FRANK S. OBER, ALFRED W. PRooToR. 

